ADVANCED IMMUNOSENSING PLATFORMS FOR BIOMONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Xiaofan Ruan

doi:10.7273/000004440

Chemical analysis of complex sample matrix is significant towards the efficient monitoring of human and environmental health. In the area of environmental contamination control and disease diagnosis, traditional analytical approaches rely on the separation effects by chromatography, such as gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC). Although GC/LC coupled with various detectors are extensively employed in analytical settings as the mature technologies, the disadvantages are also obvious, including the dependence on large and bulky instruments, complex and time-consuming instrumental operation, inevitable sample pretreatment and high cost. These disadvantages greatly limit their application in rapid diagnosis of disease, on-site samples testing, and household preclinic diagnosis. Immunosensing approaches, however, are promising substitutes applicable to the above scenarios. Featured with extraordinary selectivity and accuracy of detection attributed to the specific antibody-antigen recognition, immunoassays (IAs) have attracted extensive interests in recent years. Nevertheless, the major challenges are to overcome the inherent defects of IAs, such as low sensitivity of detection and difficult to realize multi-target simultaneous detection, in the meantime, to develop high-performance portable detection platforms. In this dissertation, advanced immunosensing platforms based on the principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were systematically explored from the aspects of biorecognition, signal amplification, and signal quantification. Advanced functional nanomaterials, including metal-organic framework (MOF), graphene, carbon dot, mesoporous nanocomposite, etc., with unique physical or chemical properties were synthesized and employed as signal reporters in IAs for amplified sensitivity of detection. In addition, we designed and manufactured immunosensing platforms using 3D printing to achieve optimal integration of immunoassays, nanomaterials, and quantitative detection methods, thus the on-site, point-of-care, high-performance sample assessment was realized. Further, the extraordinary analytical performances of the immunosensing platforms were validated in practical applications for the detection of woodsmoke biomarkers in various human biofluids representing the exposure of human to contaminated air from wildfires, as well as the detection of environmental pesticide contaminants and the corresponding human metabolites in biofluids.

ADVANCED IMMUNOSENSING PLATFORMS FOR BIOMONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

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