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CC BY V4.0, Open Access
Dissertation
Complex Interactions of the Intestinal Microbiome, Prevention, and Chronic Disease: Exploratory Study of Potential Associations
Washington State University
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7273/000005188
Abstract
Introduction: Reducing long-term systemic inflammation can slow or prevent chronic disease development and complications. Aims: This study explored associations between cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), and C-reactive protein (CRP) to risk variables, Self-Rated Health (SRH), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), exercise frequency, intake of vegetables/fruit, basic metabolic index (BMI), smoking (vape or chew), high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (HDL/LDL) ratio, insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin (HgA1c) and current daily chronic physical pain, and disease variables hypertension (HTN), diabetes, myocardial infarct (MI or heart attack), and COVID.
The aims were: 1) to examine the demographics and background characteristics of the participants, 2) to investigate potential associations between the inflammatory biomarkers and the risk, demographics, and disease variables, and 3) to investigate the internal reliability of the English version of the Health Belief Model (HBM) questionnaire developed by Wang et al. (2021).
Methods: Embraced within this exploratory study was the complex interactive human physical condition, biopsychosocial, biophysical, and health adaptation involved in chronic disease. Eleven insured adults, ages 18 to 69 years, four males and seven females, were recruited from a primary care clinic and completed an online survey and laboratory tests.
Results: There was a large positive association between exercise and SRH, rs = .73, n=10, (p< 0.05, [95% CI: 0.15 - 0.93]), and a large negative association between insulin resistance and age, rs = -0.64, n = 10, (p < 0.05, [95% CI: -0.91 – 0.01]). The Cronbach’s alpha of the subscales from the English version of Wang et al. (2021) HBM ranged from -1.266 to 0.875, indicating some unreliability.
Conclusions: Study findings support insulin resistance measurements in older adults and in the preventative health assessments of young adults to estimate the potential individual health risks in the primary care setting despite reports of habitual exercise behaviors. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha results identified a need to evaluate the English language constructs, the intent of the perceived benefits and cues to action subscales and retesting the English version of the HBM questionnaire. The subscales Seriousness, Barriers, Cue to Action, and Self-Efficacy would benefit from reassessment and evaluation of item homogeneity prior to retesting.
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Details
- Title
- Complex Interactions of the Intestinal Microbiome, Prevention, and Chronic Disease
- Creators
- Cheryl A Lewis
- Contributors
- Connie K Nguyen-Truong (Advisor)Connie K Nguyen-Truong (Committee Member)Marian Wilson (Committee Member)Lois James (Committee Member)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Nursing, College of
- Theses and Dissertations
- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University
- Number of pages
- 173
- Identifiers
- 99901019839801842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Dissertation