Dissertation
DESIGN OF ENCAPSULATION SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT AND STORAGE STABILITY OF β-CAROTENE
Washington State University
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
01/2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7273/000004436
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/125174
Abstract
This research focused on the understanding of using encapsulation as a vehicle to deliver lipophilic bioactive substance through processing temperatures and storage. Thermally stable oil-in-water emulsions were synthesized from chitosan self-aggregated particles or encapsulating β-carotene, a colored pigment with several beneficial traits for human body including pro-vitamin A activity, protection from degenerative eye disorders and antioxidant potential. β-carotene was chosen as a representative lipophilic bioactive such that the designed encapsulation system can be extended to other nutraceuticals such vitamin D, resveratrol and lycopene. For emulsion synthesis, chitosan self-aggregated particles prepared by pH modulation and oil phase consisting of β-carotene were homogenized using energy expended by an ultrasonicator. Emulsions are innately unstable systems with the potential to disintegrate into their constituent oil and aqueous phases with time but can be rendered kinetically stable for practical application. Therefore, colloidal stability of emulsions was first considered by measurement of particle size and zeta potential. Subsequently, these emulsions loaded with β-carotene were treated at 121°C using metal cell-oil bath assembly for come-up-time, 30- and 60-mins holding times and then, the loss of bioactive associated to heat treatment was assessed by quantification of β-carotene and color values L*, a* and b*. For understanding storage stability, two biopolymers, OSA starch and chitosan were utilized to prepare multilayered emulsion by electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition approach and their colloidal stability established. Subsequently, multilayered emulsions were monitored at 37°C for β-carotene retention and color change to reflect accelerated storage scenario. Oil carriers, glyceryl trioctanoate and medium chain triglyceride oil was selected such that interference from other antioxidants in the oil phase was eliminated. The potential of light exposure to influence β-carotene degradation during storage was also assessed. In addition, the degradation kinetics of the β-carotene in multilayered emulsion and bulk oil systems were identified.
The findings can be used to select suitable biopolymer for synthesis of emulsions with higher thermal endurance and demonstrated that encapsulation slows down the degradation of bioactive material during storage at 37°C. Therefore, encapsulated matrices can be utilized for incorporation of liposoluble nutraceuticals in foods subjected to thermal processing circumstances such as pasteurization and sterilization.
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Details
- Title
- DESIGN OF ENCAPSULATION SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE, LIGHT AND STORAGE STABILITY OF β-CAROTENE
- Creators
- Sivapratha Sivabalan
- Contributors
- Shyam S Sablani (Advisor)Juming Tang (Committee Member)Carolyn Ross (Committee Member)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Biological Systems Engineering, Department of
- Theses and Dissertations
- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University
- Number of pages
- 152
- Identifiers
- 99900883436801842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Dissertation