Dissertation
LIFE CYCLE AND MANAGEMENT OF MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA (NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE) IN WASHINGTON WINE GRAPE VINEYARDS
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
01/2019
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/111958
Abstract
Poor vine establishment in replant situations has been attributed to plant-parasitic nematodes; in Washington wine grape vineyards, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is one of the most prevalent plant-parasitic nematode species. There is limited information on the life-cycle of M. hapla in vineyards, as well as the performance of pre-plant soil fumigation as a management tool and the performance of most grape rootstocks against this nematode species. This research was conducted to examine the life cycle of M. hapla in vineyards and evaluate chemical and cultural control methods for M. hapla. A model for the infective M. hapla life stage, the second stage juvenile (J2), was constructed using soil growing degree days calculated from a base temperature of 0°C (GDDsoil). Meloidogyne hapla appears to undergo a single generation per year, with J2 population densities peaking between October and March (4291-4881 GDDsoil), then declining to a low in late June to early July (1895-2379 GDDsoil). Egg and fine root densities peaked in late July to August (2379-2871 GDDsoil and 2871-3069 GDDsoil, respectively). To determine fumigation and rootstock effects on plant-parasitic nematodes, a trial was established evaluating nematode-resistant rootstocks in a commercial vineyard, planted into replicated plots of fumigated (metam sodium), nonfumigated, and ‘nonfumigated + M. hapla’ soils. Fumigation reduced M. hapla soil densities only for the first year after application; 1.5 years after application M. hapla densities recovered to pre-fumigation levels in own-rooted treatments, and there was no difference in M. hapla density between fumigation treatments. Rootstocks were poor hosts for M. hapla compared to own rooted vines, but all rootstocks supported M. hapla reproduction after one year. Similarly, rootstocks established as part of an establishment field trial with varying initial densities of M. hapla were also poor hosts, however, M. hapla was capable of reproducing on all rootstocks. A second establishment trial planted to own-rooted V. vinifera examining late-season irrigation stress as a method for management of M. hapla was less successful, as there was no difference in M. hapla J2 densities between irrigation treatments. Overall, rootstocks have the most potential for managing M. hapla in Washington vineyards.
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Details
- Title
- LIFE CYCLE AND MANAGEMENT OF MELOIDOGYNE HAPLA (NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE) IN WASHINGTON WINE GRAPE VINEYARDS
- Creators
- Katherine East
- Contributors
- Michelle Moyer (Advisor)Inga Zasada (Committee Member)Paul Schreiner (Committee Member)Patrick Moore (Committee Member)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Department of Horticulture
- Theses and Dissertations
- Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Washington State University
- Number of pages
- 150
- Identifiers
- 99900581418201842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Dissertation