Thesis
Effects of Ice Massage on Pre-Kindergartners' Injection Pain
Washington State University
Master of Nursing (MN), Washington State University
09/1996
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/3928
Abstract
Before entering kindergarten, children are required to update their immunization status. Research indicates preschool children are particularly vulnerable to the fear of injections. Few studies have examined interventions to reduce this fear, especially in a cost and time efficient manner. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if ice massage of the skin, before injection of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization, decreased pain intensity in children. Various variables were also evaluated for their association with the children's self-reported pain intensity. The convenience sample of 44 children, ages 4 to-6 years old, was randomized into treatment and control groups. Twenty-two children\n(treatment group) had ice massage of the injection site, for 2 minutes, before the DTP injection. The remaining 22 children (control group) received no extra intervention. Self-reported pain intensity was measured with the Oucher pain assessment tool following the DTP injection. No statistical significant difference was found in the amount of pain intensity experienced between the groups. The amount of children's anxiety positively correlated with their pain intensity (r = 0.26). There were no statistically significant correlations of the other variables and the children's pain intensity. Limitations are discussed with suggestions for further study.
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Details
- Title
- Effects of Ice Massage on Pre-Kindergartners' Injection Pain
- Creators
- Susan Dennie
- Contributors
- Margaret Auld Bruya (Advisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Research Projects, College of Nursing
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Nursing (MN), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University; Spokane, Washington
- Identifiers
- 99900591036701842
- Copyright
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US)
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis