Thesis
Effects of flight and sublethal pesticide residues on codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville)
Washington State University
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
2012
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/106968
Abstract
The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) and obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are both important tortricid pests of apple in North America. Using computer-linked digital flight mills, we flew the moths 1.82 km to determine if active flight would put them at a reproductive disadvantage compared to moths that did not fly. We examined four different treatments: (1) neither sex flown; (2) males flown, females not; (3) males not flown, females flown; and (4) both sexes flown. The results indicate that flying 1.82 km before mating does not affect reproduction or mortality in either species. The obliquebanded leafroller neither sex flown treatment had the lowest reproductive rate, followed by the both sexes flown treatment. We used the flight mills to further evaluate the effects of ten sublethal pesticide residues on flight duration, distance, and number of flights of two-day old virgin moths. We found that chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin significantly reduced flight distance and duration by 83.8-99.0% for both sexes of codling moth and obliquebanded leafroller. The extreme effects of chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole on the moths’ dispersal prompted us to test those pesticides on the generalist predator convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville), but we found no significant effects. Finally, we evaluated the same ten sublethal pesticide residues on adult mate location processes. Except for female codling moths treated with novaluron, the proportion of control moths that called was always significantly higher than the treated moths. The proportion of control female obliquebanded leafrollers that called was significantly higher than the treated moths for all pesticides except acetamiprid, azinphosmethyl, and cyantraniliprole. Acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, or chlorantraniliprole treated male codling moths caught on the traps was significantly less than control moths. Pyriproxyfen-treated male codling moths were caught in significantly greater amounts than the control. For male obliquebanded leafroller, a significantly greater amount of control moths was caught than moths treated with cyantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole. The data show that moth dispersal to another orchard can affect the population dynamics in the new location. In addition, proper choice of pesticide and rate may limit dispersal and mating
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Details
- Title
- Effects of flight and sublethal pesticide residues on codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus), obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville)
- Creators
- Teah Joy Smith
- Contributors
- Vincent P. Jones (Chair)Jay F Brunner (Committee Member) - Washington State University, Entomology, Department ofAllan Stan Felsot (Committee Member) - Washington State University, Entomology, Department of
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Entomology, Department of
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University; Pullman, Wash. :
- Identifiers
- 99900525008801842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis