Thesis
Evaluation of airborne herbicide movement to wine grape vineyards in the Walla Walla Valley of Washington State
Washington State University
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
2005
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/437
Abstract
The amine salt and ester formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) are dominant pre-emergent broadleaf herbicides for various cereal and minor crop production in the Pacific Northwest. Unfortunately, wine grape vineyards in proximity to production-cereal-grain fields have traditionally experienced vine injury ranging from mild to near-complete yield loss. The assumption that observed injury to wine grape vineyards is caused strictly by local off-target movement of 2,4-D has given way to the idea that this observed injury may in fact be due to offtarget movement of 2,4-D from fields miles away from the wine grape vineyard. Previous studies suggest that directional long-range atmospheric transport of phenoxy herbicide formulations can occur, affecting wine grape vineyards at a time when the plants can be most susceptible to injury and yield reduction. To characterize herbicide movements that could adversely affect the Walla Walla Valley wine-grape producing region of Walla Walla County, Washington, and Umatilla County, Oregon, ambient air and both dry and wet deposition samples were collected between April 10, 2003, and June 27, 2003. During this time, wine grapes are most susceptible to injury by the off-target aerial movement of phenoxy herbicides. The majority of the air samples at the six vineyard locations contained 2,4-D. Representative leaves were observed on three vines at each study site. A mean leaf injury index was modified for rating the severity of phenoxy-type injury on each observed leaf. The data suggests that 2,4-D damage to grape leaves existed within the study area, and that the damage is uniform throughout the study area. Thus, there existed low level 2,4-D concentrations in the ambient air of the study area, which caused low levels of grape leaf damage uniformly across the study area.
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Details
- Title
- Evaluation of airborne herbicide movement to wine grape vineyards in the Walla Walla Valley of Washington State
- Creators
- Kenneth F. Holshue
- Contributors
- Allan S. Felsot (Degree Supervisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Environment, School of the (CAHNRS)
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University; Pullman, Wash. :
- Identifiers
- 99900525395601842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis