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E Soles Thesis 8.21.26
Embargoed Access, Embargo ends: 10/16/2027 CC BY-NC-ND V4.0
Thesis
Spleen fine needle cytology can support the diagnosis of multiple myeloma without bone marrow cytology in dogs
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
2026
Abstract
Background: Dogs with multiple myeloma (MM) can have splenic plasmacytosis. Hypothesis/objective: Our primary objective was to assess whether splenic cytology may substitute for bone marrow cytology in dogs with MM; a secondary objective was to determine the proportion of dogs with splenic plasmacytosis and sonographically normal spleens.
Animals: Dogs (n=27) seen at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital diagnosed with MM and that had splenic cytology.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study searched medical records at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital between January 1st, 2000, and December 30th, 2025, for dogs diagnosed with MM that had spleen cytology. Patients fit the inclusion criteria in two populations, one of 14 dogs meeting 2/4 traditional diagnostic criteria (bone marrow plasmacytosis, lytic bone lesions, clonal gammopathy, Bence-Jones proteinuria) and a second (13 dogs) defined by 1 traditional criterion and extramedullary plasmacytosis, specifically the spleen. Plasmacytosis was defined as having at least 20% plasma cells; however, some patients with lesser proportions were diagnosed due to aberrant cell morphology.
Results: Of the 14 dogs meeting traditional diagnostic criteria, 8 had splenic plasmacytosis; 5 had sonographically normal spleens. Of the 13 other patients, 12 had splenic plasmacytosis; 4 had sonographically normal spleens. In total, 20/27 dogs had splenic plasma cell populations consistent with MM. Nine dogs with positive spleen cytology had sonographically normal spleens.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Splenic cytology frequently supported the diagnosis of MM and may offer an alternative to bone marrow cytology. Dogs with ultrasonographically normal spleens can have abnormal splenic plasma cell populations.
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Details
- Title
- Spleen fine needle cytology can support the diagnosis of multiple myeloma without bone marrow cytology in dogs
- Creators
- Erin Soles
- Contributors
- Rance Sellon (Advisor)Janean Fidel (Committee Member)Mara Varvil (Committee Member)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- College of Veterinary Medicine
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Number of pages
- 26
- Identifiers
- 99901419403401842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis