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Thesis
The Effects of Solanum sisymbriifolium on the Columbia Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi
Washington State University
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
05/2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7273/000007334
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among some of the most devastating pests and cause large economic losses to many cropping systems around the world. While the most common and prominent control method is soil fumigation, it is very expensive, impacts soil health, and is becoming increasingly regulated. Thus, it is important to find new solutions to combat PPNs. Solanum sisymbriifolium, commonly known as litchi tomato, has been shown to have toxic effects on PPNs. It was hypothesized that S. sisymbriifolium has novel secondary metabolites that act as nematicidal compounds and could be developed into new nematicides. To test this hypothesis, extracts were made from the plant material to separate secondary metabolites into groups based on polarity. Extractions were performed using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and 1-butanol. The butanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed toxic effects by impacting several life stages, including egg hatching, egg viability, and juvenile (J2) viability assays, as well as reducing the infection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi on susceptible tomato plants. Fractionating the 1-butanol extract showed that the first 4 out of 5 fractions had toxic effects on egg hatching. Investigating compounds in ethyl acetate and 1-butanoI extracts (and fractions) can help discover future nematicides. Delivering S. sisymbriifolium into the soil via alginate beads was also tested to determine if there could be a different and novel method to control PPNs. Alginate beads with S. sisymbriifolium were either incorporated into the soil or placed around the roots, followed by inoculation of tomato plants by M. chitwoodi. Concentrating beads around the roots reduced the galling on tomato by M. chitwoodi by 66% in comparison to the untreated control. Further studies will need to test how alginate beads could be applied in a field setting.
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Details
- Title
- The Effects of Solanum sisymbriifolium on the Columbia Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi
- Creators
- Koy Owen Chandler
- Contributors
- Cynthia Gleason (Chair)Hanu Pappu (Committee Member)Kiwamu Tanaka (Committee Member)Louise-Marie Dandurand (Committee Member)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Department of Plant Pathology
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University
- Number of pages
- 81
- Identifiers
- 99901220447401842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis