Thermal phenomena in lithium-ion batteries

Armin Abbasalinejad

doi:10.7273/000004119

The use of energy is required to make human life comfortable and energy storage is as critical as energy supply. Among the different systems that can be utilized for the storage of energy, batteries are one of the most common and portable ones. Moreover, there has been a growing demand for lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) over the last few decades due to their high performance within cycle life, energy and power density. One of the major concerns of LIBs is the safe operations and the prevention of a battery causing fire or explosion, which is known as "thermal runaway". In this study, two different ways to prevent catastrophic thermal runaway will be investigated. One way is to develop a thermoelectrochemical model to predict thermal behavior of a battery. In this case, the investigation of thermodynamic quantities such as entropy change is essential as it is directly related to temperature prediction of the system. In this study, the typical methodologies to measure the entropy change were investigated. It has been shown that side reactions of cells can interfere with obtaining accurate measurement results of entropy changes. Moreover, a physics-based electrochemical model was introduced for the new methodology to measure entropy change which is known as "the frequency-domain method". Differing from the initial frequency domain method, the change of entropy is physically coupled to the internal state changes of batteries. This method reduces the time of the entropy change measurement by scale of 100, in comparison to the traditional methods. Solid-state batteries are another potential solution to preventing thermal runaway as they have excellent thermal stability. In this study, an electrochemical model for the all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries has been developed. For the purpose of maintaining efficient control algorithm development, the model was simplified. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to observe the model accuracy in the simplified models. It was concluded from the simulation results that all the simplified models have sufficient accuracies in the voltage and capacity prediction; and it can serve as a useful tool for the state estimation.

Thermal phenomena in lithium-ion batteries

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