Thesis
Understanding and supplying physiological and anatomical adjustments of grapevine to identify drought resistant cultivars for sustaining grape production
Washington State University
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
2012
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/100332
Abstract
Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) transpire more water than they use metabolically. A lack of water under situations such as drought may drastically reduce growth and yield and disrupt the ripening process completely. In order to perform well under these conditions, grapevines draw upon a variety of anatomical, morphological and physiological adaptive features to match the environmental (water stress) and biological selection pressures. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify drought resistant cultivars by examining the physiological, anatomical and morphological adaptations to drought and determine berry ripening characteristics of well watered and water stressed grapevines. Potted vines of Cabernet Sauvignon, Grenache, and Zinfandel were subjected to four water regimes: Control (well-watered with full irrigation), 2/3rd and 1/3rd of full irrigation, and drying-down and re-watering cycles. It was found that stomatal conductance of Zinfandel decreased significantly with increasing water stress while Grenache and Cabernet Sauvignon tended to be more stable. Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel had low (more negative) water potential than Grenache in all treatments. Grenache showed higher relative water content (RWC) than Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon. Leaf vein density was higher in Grenache than either in Cabernet Sauvignon or Zinfandel under both well watered and water stressed conditions. Leaf thickness decreased with increasing water stress in Zinfandel and Cabernet Sauvignon, whereas it increased in Grenache. Also, water stress reduced stomatal pore areas significantly but not stomatal density in all three cultivars. Palisade cell length of Zinfandel was very responsive to water stress while Grenache showed longer palisade cell length under water stress. Furthermore, Grenache showed more intercellular air spaces than Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel under water stressed conditions. With respect to fruit composition, sugar content, L-malic acid, tartaric acid, and glucose+fructose were higher under well watered than under water-stressed conditions; In contrast, water stress increased total anthocyanins. In the context of drought tolerance, Grenache was structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand water stress compared to Cabernet Sauvignon and Zinfandel.
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Details
- Title
- Understanding and supplying physiological and anatomical adjustments of grapevine to identify drought resistant cultivars for sustaining grape production
- Creators
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Contributors
- Bhaskar R. Bondada (Degree Supervisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Horticulture, Department of
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University; [Pullman, Washington] :
- Identifiers
- 99900525155401842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis