Thesis
Whole wheat as source of bioactive compounds and potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Washington State University
Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
2016
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/103484
Abstract
Wheat is rich in basic nutrients such as energy, protein, vitamins and minerals and also contains significant amounts of bioactive compounds such as dietary fiber and antioxidants. Consumption of whole wheat is associated with positive health benefits attributed to endogenous bioactive compounds, thus further investigation will help in identifying cultivars with higher quantities of these compounds and ultimately help formulate new healthier foods. To identify wheat cultivars with high amounts of bioactive compounds, seven wheat varieties of different planting season (spring or winter) and end use (hard or soft) were selected. Bioactive compounds including soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, extractable and non-extractable phenolic compounds, phytate and total and water extractable arabinoxylans were quantified using standard protocols. Insoluble dietary fiber ranged from 11- 13 % of dry weight while soluble fiber ranged between 1-3 % dry weight. West Bred 936 variety had the highest amount of insoluble dietary fiber. Principle Component Analysis identified the cultivar possessing highest amounts of these compounds. Louise, West Bred 936 and Farnum cultivars clustered together due to their similarity in the levels of non- extractable phenolics, phytates and arabinoxylans while Eltan, MDM and Alpowa grouped together due to their lower content of these compounds. Blanca Grande was distant to these two clusters on the PCA map because of its higher content of soluble fiber and extractable phenolics. The anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and cardio protective effects of whole wheat consumption were investigated using obese diabetic (db/db) mice. Wheat consumption may downregulated body mass index (BMI), adiposity index (AI), some adipokines in plasma, and cholesterol in the liver. Whole wheat diet may also suppress the expression of transcription factor NF-[kappa]B, pro inflammatory cytokine TNF-[alpha], and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 in heart tissue. Overall, this study shows that wheat contains a number of bioactive compounds that exert health benefits beyond the basic nutritional properties and these may help to reduce the incidence of some chronic diseases.
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Details
- Title
- Whole wheat as source of bioactive compounds and potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
- Creators
- Indira Priyadarsini Mohanty
- Contributors
- Denise M. Smith (Degree Supervisor)
- Awarding Institution
- Washington State University
- Academic Unit
- Food Science, School of
- Theses and Dissertations
- Master of Science (MS), Washington State University
- Publisher
- Washington State University; [Pullman, Washington] :
- Identifiers
- 99900525050601842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Thesis