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A Meta-Analysis of Maize and Wheat Yields in Low-Input vs. Conventional and Organic Systems
Journal article   Peer reviewed

A Meta-Analysis of Maize and Wheat Yields in Low-Input vs. Conventional and Organic Systems

Laure Hossard, David W. Archer, Michel Bertrand, Caroline Colnenne-David, Philippe Debaeke, Maria Ernfors, Marie-Helene Jeuffroy, Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Chris Nilsson, Gregg R. Sanford, …
Agronomy journal, Vol.108(3), pp.1155-1167
05/2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2015.0512

Abstract

Agriculture Agronomy Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology
Organic and low-input systems are proposed as ways to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture. Previous studies have shown that yields of organic systems can be similar to 19 to 25% lower than conventional systems. An intermediary, low-input system could be less damaging for the environment than conventional systems, while reducing yield losses in comparison with organic systems. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to compare low-input systems to conventional and organic systems. Our analysis is based on data of cropping system experiments conducted in Europe and North America, and focuses on two important crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pesticide use was greatly reduced for low-input systems as compared with conventional for the two crops (50% for maize, 70% for wheat on average). Mean mineral N use was also reduced by 36% for maize and 28% for wheat in low-input relative to conventional. Maize yields in low-input systems were not different from those in conventional systems, and were higher than yields in organic systems (yield ratio of low-input vs. organic = 1.24). Wheat yields in low-input systems were lower than yields in conventional systems (yield ratio of low-input vs. conventional = 0.88), but were substantially higher than yields in organic systems (yield ratio of low input vs. organic = 1.43). This is one of the first meta-analyses to assess performance in terms of pesticide use intensity, and yields, with clear evidence emerging that low-input systems can markedly reduce pesticide application, without strongly reducing crop yields, relative to conventional systems.

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