Journal article
Citrate–nitrate synthesis of nano-structured titanium dioxide ceramics for gas sensors
Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, Vol.140(1), pp.98-103
2009
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/106522
Abstract
Nano-structured TiO
2-based ceramics were synthesized using a citrate–nitrate auto combustion method. Phase purity, particle size, and surface area of TiO
2 nano-powder were studied as a function of citrate-to-nitrate ratio (C/N
=
0.1–0.5), water addition during synthesis (0 and 10
vol%), and yttrium as a metal ion dopant (0 and 10
wt.%). The powder X-ray diffraction data showed that all synthesized TiO
2-based powder was primarily anatase phase. BET surface area analysis showed an increase in specific average surface area up to 48
m
2/g with increasing C/N ratio and the addition of water during synthesis. Powder XRD, BET, and TEM measurements confirmed particle size ranged from 10 to 50
nm depending on synthesis parameters. C/N ratio of 0.5 and addition of water during synthesis resulted in the smallest particle size. Sintered compacts made from this nano-powder showed an increase in bulk conductivity with increasing temperature inside a tube furnace open to the air. Addition of yttrium increased conductivity by 3 times over that of pure TiO
2. Higher conductivity was attributed to higher energy of electrons to overcome conduction barriers and higher carrier concentrations caused by both temperature effects and yttrium addition. Thick film sensors made from the synthesized TiO
2 nano-powder with higher surface area showed an improved response to carbon monoxide at 600
°C. Yttrium doping in TiO
2 also increased response to CO compared with pure TiO
2.
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Details
- Title
- Citrate–nitrate synthesis of nano-structured titanium dioxide ceramics for gas sensors
- Creators
- Zachary SeeleyYoung Jin ChoiSusmita Bose
- Publication Details
- Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical, Vol.140(1), pp.98-103
- Academic Unit
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, School of
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V
- Identifiers
- 99900546770001842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article