Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1)-mediated cereal stem rust resistance

Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala; Tom Drader; Paulraj K Lawrence; Chuntao Yin; Scot Hulbert; Camille M Steber; Brian J Steffenson; Les J Szabo; Diter von Wettstein; Andris Kleinhofs

doi:10.1073/pnas.1111771108

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Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1)-mediated cereal stem rust resistance

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Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1)-mediated cereal stem rust resistance

Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala, Tom Drader, Paulraj K Lawrence, Chuntao Yin, Scot Hulbert, Camille M Steber, Brian J Steffenson, Les J Szabo, Diter von Wettstein and Andris Kleinhofs

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.108(35), pp.14676-14681

08/30/2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111771108

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https://hdl.handle.net/2376/100676

PMCID: PMC3167542

PMID: 21873196

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Abstract

Biological Sciences

The barley stem rust resistance gene Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 ( Rpg1 ), encoding a receptor-like kinase, confers durable resistance to the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici . The fungal urediniospores form adhesion structures with the leaf epidermal cells within 1 h of inoculation, followed by hyphae and haustorium formation. The RPG1 protein is constitutively expressed and not phosphorylated. On inoculation with avirulent urediniospores, it is phosphorylated in vivo within 5 min and subsequently degraded. Application of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide loops prevented the formation of adhesion structures for spore attachment, the phosphorylation of RPG1, and germination of the viable spores. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid affinity chromatography of proteins from the ungerminated avirulent rust spores led to the purification and identification of a protein with fibronectin type III and breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein domains and a vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 9 with a coupling of ubiquitin to endoplasmic reticulum degradation domain. Both proteins are required to induce in vivo phosphorylation and degradation of RPG1. Combined application of both proteins caused hypersensitive reaction on the stem rust-resistant cultivar Morex but not on the susceptible cultivar Steptoe. Expression studies indicated that mRNA of both genes are present in ungerminated urediniospores and are constitutively transcribed in sporelings, infected leaves, and haustoria in the investigated avirulent races. Evidence is presented that RPG1, in yeast, interacts with the two protein effectors from the urediniospores that activate cooperatively the stem rust resistance protein RPG1 long before haustoria formation.

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Title: Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1)-mediated cereal stem rust resistance
Creators: Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala - Departments of
Tom Drader - Departments of
Paulraj K Lawrence - Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, and
Chuntao Yin - Plant Pathology
Scot Hulbert - Departments of
Camille M Steber - , Wheat Genetics, Quality Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164
Brian J Steffenson - Department of Plant Pathology
Les J Szabo - , Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; and
Diter von Wettstein - Departments of
Andris Kleinhofs - Departments of
Publication Details: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.108(35), pp.14676-14681
Academic Unit: Crop and Soil Sciences, Department of; Plant Pathology, Department of
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Identifiers: 99900546563901842
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article