Journal article
DYNAMICS OF 17α-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL EXPOSURE IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS): ABSORPTION, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, AND HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, Vol.25(11), pp.2997-3005
11/2006
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/105614
PMCID: PMC2587357
PMID: 17089724
Abstract
17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE
2
) is a synthetic estrogen identified in sewage effluents. To understand better the absorption kinetics of EE
2
and the induction of vitellogenin (VTG) and estrogen receptor α (ERα) mRNA, we subjected male rainbow trout (
Onchorynchus mykiss
) to continuous water exposures of 125 ng/L of EE
2
for up to 61 d. Trout were either repetitively sampled for blood plasma or serially killed at selected time intervals. Vitellogenin, ERα mRNA, and EE
2
were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. In separate experiments, trout were exposed to EE
2
for 7 d, and hepatic gene expression was assessed using a low- and high-density cDNA microarray. The EE
2
was rapidly absorbed by the trout, with an apparent equilibrium at 16 h in plasma and liver. The ERα mRNA levels also increased rapidly, reaching near-peak levels by 48 h. In contrast, plasma levels of VTG continuously increased for 19 d. After 61 d, tissues with the highest levels of VTG were the liver, kidney, and testes. Microarray-based gene expression studies provided unexpected results. In some cases, known estrogen-responsive genes (e.g., ERα) were unresponsive, whereas many of the genes that have no apparent link to estrogen function or EE
2
toxicity were significantly altered in expression. Of the two microarray approaches tested in the present study, the high-density array appeared to be superior because of the improved quality of the hybridization signal and the robustness of the response in terms of the number of genes identified as being EE
2
responsive.
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Details
- Title
- DYNAMICS OF 17α-ETHYNYLESTRADIOL EXPOSURE IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS): ABSORPTION, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, AND HEPATIC GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN
- Creators
- Ann D Skillman - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory–Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, Washington 98382, USAJames J Nagler - Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3051, USASharon E Hook - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory–Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, Washington 98382, USAJack A Small - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS-K3-61, Richland, Washington 99352, USAIrvin R Schultz - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory–Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, Washington 98382, USA
- Publication Details
- Environmental toxicology and chemistry, Vol.25(11), pp.2997-3005
- Academic Unit
- UNKNOWN
- Identifiers
- 99900546929601842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article