Journal article
Development and prospective external validation of a tool to predict poor recovery at 9 months after acute ankle sprain in UK emergency departments: the SPRAINED prognostic model
BMJ open, Vol.8(11), pp.e022802-e022802
11/2018
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/108641
PMCID: PMC6231561
PMID: 30397008
Abstract
ObjectivesTo develop and externally validate a prognostic model for poor recovery after ankle sprain.Setting and participantsModel development used secondary data analysis of 584 participants from a UK multicentre randomised clinical trial. External validation used data from 682 participants recruited in 10 UK emergency departments for a prospective observational cohort.Outcome and analysisPoor recovery was defined as presence of pain, functional difficulty or lack of confidence in the ankle at 9 months after injury. Twenty-three baseline candidate predictors were included together in a multivariable logistic regression model to identify the best predictors of poor recovery. Relationships between continuous variables and the outcome were modelled using fractional polynomials. Regression parameters were combined over 50 imputed data sets using Rubin’s rule. To minimise overfitting, regression coefficients were multiplied by a heuristic shrinkage factor and the intercept re-estimated. Incremental value of candidate predictors assessed at 4 weeks after injury was explored using decision curve analysis and the baseline model updated. The final models included predictors selected based on the Akaike information criterion (p<0.157). Model performance was assessed by calibration and discrimination.ResultsOutcome rate was lower in the development (6.7%) than in the external validation data set (19.9%). Mean age (29.9 and 33.6 years), body mass index (BMI; 26.3 and 27.1 kg/m2), pain when resting (37.8 and 38.5 points) or bearing weight on the ankle (75.4 and 71.3 points) were similar in both data sets. Age, BMI, pain when resting, pain bearing weight, ability to bear weight, days from injury until assessment and injury recurrence were the selected predictors. The baseline model had fair discriminatory ability (C-statistic 0.72; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.79) but poor calibration. The updated model presented better discrimination (C-statistic 0.78; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.84), but equivalent calibration.ConclusionsThe models include predictors easy to assess clinically and show benefit when compared with not using any model.Trial registration number ISRCTN12726986; Results.
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Details
- Title
- Development and prospective external validation of a tool to predict poor recovery at 9 months after acute ankle sprain in UK emergency departments: the SPRAINED prognostic model
- Creators
- Michael M Schlussel - Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDavid J Keene - Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKGary S Collins - Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKJennifer Bostock - Patient and Public Involvement, Quality and Outcomes of Person-Centred Care Policy Research Unit, Canterbury, UKChristopher Byrne - Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UKSteve Goodacre - School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKStephen Gwilym - Oxford Trauma, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKDaryl A Hagan - Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKKirstie Haywood - Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKJacqueline Thompson - Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UKMark A Williams - Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UKSarah E Lamb - Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Publication Details
- BMJ open, Vol.8(11), pp.e022802-e022802
- Identifiers
- 99900547154701842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article