Journal article
Effects of exercise on emerging and traditional cardiovascular risk factors
Preventive medicine, Vol.39(5), pp.894-902
2004
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/100638
PMID: 15475021
Abstract
Background. Common cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., insulin and aerobic fitness) are improved with exercise; however, few studies have addressed the potential for training to modify emerging cardiovascular disease risk factors such as homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
Methods. Sedentary adults (
n = 324, 48.9 ± 8.4 years) were randomized to four groups differing in training intensity (moderate = 45–55% or high = 65–75% of heart rate reserve) and frequency (low = 3–4, 30-min sessions/week or high = 5–7, 30 min-sessions/week).
Results. Within-group changes in homocysteine, insulin, and aerobic fitness were significant (all
P < 0.0125). Furthermore, homocysteine increased in the high-intensity–low-frequency (0.98 ± 2.32 μmol/L) and high-intensity–high-frequency (0.93 ± 2.56 μmol/L) groups, while aerobic fitness increased in the moderate-intensity–high-frequency (0.99 ± 2.01 mL min
−1 kg
−1) and high-intensity–high-frequency (1.77 ± 2.97 mL min
−1 kg
−1) groups (all
P < 0.003). The change in aerobic fitness was greater in the high-intensity–high-frequency compared to the moderate-intensity–low-frequency group (1.77 ± 2.97 vs. 0.36 ± 2.10 mL min
−1 kg
−1,
P = 0.0014) (effect size estimate = 0.60 mL min
−1 kg
−1). The main effects for intensity, with respect to the change in insulin (effect size estimate = 0.46 μU/mL), and frequency, with respect to the change in aerobic fitness (effect size estimate = 0.38 mL min
−1 kg
−1), were significant (
P < 0.0125).
Conclusion. Although frequent bouts of higher intensity exercise were particularly effective in reducing fasting insulin and improving fitness, they resulted in slightly increased homocysteine levels.
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Details
- Title
- Effects of exercise on emerging and traditional cardiovascular risk factors
- Creators
- Glen E Duncan - Department of Epidemiology, Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAMichael G Perri - Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USAStephen D Anton - Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USAMarian C Limacher - Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USAA.Daniel Martin - Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USADavid T Lowenthal - Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USAErland Arning - Baylor Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75226, USATeodoro Bottiglieri - Baylor Institute of Metabolic Disease, Dallas, TX 75226, USAPeter W Stacpoole - Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Publication Details
- Preventive medicine, Vol.39(5), pp.894-902
- Academic Unit
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Department of
- Publisher
- Elsevier Inc
- Identifiers
- 99900546792201842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article