Files and links (2)
CC0 V1.0, Open Access
Journal article
Experimental verification of principal losses in a regulatory particulate matter emissions sampling system for aircraft turbine engines
Aerosol science and technology, Vol.56(1), pp.63-74
11/25/2021
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/118519
PMID: 35602286
Appears in Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT)
Abstract
A sampling system for measuring emissions of nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) from aircraft gas turbine engines has been developed to replace the use of smoke number and is used for international regulatory purposes. This sampling system can be up to 35 m in length. The sampling system length in addition to the volatile particle remover (VPR) and other sampling system components lead to substantial particle losses, which are a function of the particle size distribution, ranging from 50 to 90% for particle number concentrations and 10-50% for particle mass concentrations. The particle size distribution is dependent on engine technology, operating point, and fuel composition. Any nvPM emissions measurement bias caused by the sampling system will lead to unrepresentative emissions measurements which limit the method as a universal metric. Hence, a method to estimate size dependent sampling system losses using the system parameters and the measured mass and number concentrations was also developed (SAE 2017; SAE 2019). An assessment of the particle losses in two principal components used in ARP6481 (SAE 2019) was conducted during the VAriable Response In Aircraft nvPM Testing (VARIAnT) 2 campaign. Measurements were made on the 25-meter sample line portion of the system using multiple, well characterized particle sizing instruments to obtain the penetration efficiencies. An agreement of ± 15% was obtained between the measured and the ARP6481 method penetrations for the 25-meter sample line portion of the system. Measurements of VPR penetration efficiency were also made to verify its performance for aviation nvPM number. The research also demonstrated the difficulty of making system loss measurements and substantiates the E-31 decision to predict rather than measure system losses.
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Details
- Title
- Experimental verification of principal losses in a regulatory particulate matter emissions sampling system for aircraft turbine engines
- Creators
- D. B. Kittelson - University of MinnesotaJ. Swanson - Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of MinnesotaM. Aldridge - National Vehicle and Fuels Emissions Laboratory, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U. S. Environmental Protection AgencyR. A. Giannelli - National Vehicle and Fuels Emissions Laboratory, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U. S. Environmental Protection AgencyJ. S. Kinsey - Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle ParkJ. A. Stevens - National Vehicle and Fuels Emissions Laboratory, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U. S. Environmental Protection AgencyD. S. Liscinsky - Formerly United Technologies Research CenterD. Hagen - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyC. Leggett - National Vehicle and Fuels Emissions Laboratory, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U. S. Environmental Protection AgencyK. Stephens - Aerospace Testing AllianceB. Hoffman - Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseR. Howard - Aerospace Testing AllianceR. W. Frazee - AVL-North AmericaW. Silvis - AVL-North AmericaT. McArthur - ARCADIS-U.SP. Lobo - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyS. Achterberg - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyM. Trueblood - Missouri University of Science and TechnologyK. Thomson - National Research Council-CanadaL. Wolff - Boston CollegeK. Cerully - TSIT. Onasch - Aerodyne ResearchR. Miake-Lye - Aerodyne ResearchA. Freedman - Aerodyne ResearchW. Bachalo - Artium TechnologiesG. Payne - Artium Technologies
- Publication Details
- Aerosol science and technology, Vol.56(1), pp.63-74
- Academic Unit
- Aviation Sustainability Center (ASCENT); Emissions
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Grants
- 13-C-AJFF-MST-004, Federal Aviation Administration (United States, Washington) - FAA
- Identifiers
- 99900898130301842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article