Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism

Diane M Daubert; Joanna L Kelley; Yuriy G Udod; Carolina Habor; Chris G Kleist; Ilona K Furman; Igor N Tikonov; Willie J Swanson; Frank A Roberts

doi:10.1038/ijos.2016.1

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Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism

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Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism

Diane M Daubert, Joanna L Kelley, Yuriy G Udod, Carolina Habor, Chris G Kleist, Ilona K Furman, Igor N Tikonov, Willie J Swanson and Frank A Roberts

International journal of oral science, Vol.8(2), pp.93-97

06/30/2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2016.1

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https://hdl.handle.net/2376/108004

PMCID: PMC4932773

PMID: 27357321

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Abstract

Amelogenesis

Animals

Dental Enamel

Extracellular Matrix Proteins - genetics

Humans

Primates

Female

Genotype

Molar

Tooth

The tooth enamel development gene, enamelin (ENAM), showed evidence of positive selection during a genome-wide scan of human and primate DNA for signs of adaptive evolution. The current study examined the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C14625T (rs7671281) in the ENAM gene identified in the genome-wide scan is associated with a change in enamel phenotype. African Americans were selected as the target population, as they have been reported to have a target SNP frequency of approximately 50%, whereas non-Africans are predicted to have a 96% SNP frequency. Digital radiographs and DNA samples from 244 teeth in 133 subjects were analysed, and enamel thickness was assessed in relation to SNP status, controlling for age, sex, tooth number and crown length. Crown length was found to increase with molar number, and females were found to have thicker enamel. Teeth with larger crowns also had thicker enamel, and older subjects had thinner enamel. Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the relationship between enamel thickness of the mandibular molars and ENAM SNP status; enamel in subjects with the derived allele was significantly thinner (P=0.040) when the results were controlled for sex, age, tooth number and crown length. The derived allele demonstrated a recessive effect on the phenotype. The data indicate that thinner dental enamel is associated with the derived ENAM genotype. This is the first direct evidence of a dental gene implicated in human adaptive evolution as having a phenotypic effect on an oral structure.

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Title: Human enamel thickness and ENAM polymorphism
Creators: Diane M Daubert - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Joanna L Kelley - Center for Reproductive Biology and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
Yuriy G Udod - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Carolina Habor - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Chris G Kleist - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Ilona K Furman - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Igor N Tikonov - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
Willie J Swanson - Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Frank A Roberts - Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Publication Details: International journal of oral science, Vol.8(2), pp.93-97
Academic Unit: Kelley Lab; Biological Sciences, School of
Publisher: India
Grant note: R01 DE018274 / NIDCR NIH HHS R01 HD076862 / NICHD NIH HHS
Identifiers: 99900547391801842
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article