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Management intensity – not biodiversity – the driver of ecosystem services in a long-term row crop experiment
 

Management intensity – not biodiversity – the driver of ecosystem services in a long-term row crop experiment

Sieglinde S. Snapp, Lowell E. Gentry Richard Harwood
Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, Vol.138(3), pp.242-248
08/15/2010
: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.05.005
Crop diversity Nitrogen cycle Organic Soil carbon Sustainable agriculture
A positive role for biodiversity is assumed for managed ecosystems. We conducted a 12-year study of this sustainability principle, through separate manipulation of management intensity and crop diversity. The site was located in southwest Michigan, representative of rain-fed production, with high climate variability and well-drained soils. Provisioning services of grain and protein yield were monitored, simultaneous with supporting services of soil fertility, C and N, and regulating services associated with water quality (N-use efficiency and nitrate-N leached in gravimetric lysimeters). Surprisingly, a strong role for management was shown, and almost nil for crop diversity. Organic management (ORG) sustained soil fertility, augmented soil C (36% increase), enhanced N retention (50% decrease in nitrate-N leaching) and improved N-use efficiency, compared to conventional, integrated (INT) management. Provisioning of grain – quantity, quality and temporal yield stability – was highest in INT continuous maize (monoculture and biculture) with an annual yield of 6.4 Mg ha −1, compared to ORG of 5.1 Mg ha −1. Biodiverse rotational systems (three and six species) produced 25% lower yield, but the grain was of high quality. A focus on ORG management rather than crop diversity is suggested as a means to sequester C, and produced grain in a semi-closed system.
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