Journal article
Microbial Life in a Liquid Asphalt Desert
Astrobiology, Vol.11(3), pp.241-258
04/01/2011
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/109872
PMID: 21480792
Abstract
Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago is a natural asphalt reservoir nourished by pitch seepage, a form of petroleum that consists of mostly asphaltines, from the surrounding oil-rich region. During upward seepage, pitch mixes with mud and gases under high pressure, and the lighter portion evaporates or is volatilized, which produces a liquid asphalt residue characterized by low water activity, recalcitrant carbon substrates, and noxious chemical compounds. An active microbial community of archaea and bacteria, many of them novel strains (particularly from the new Tar ARC groups), totaling a biomass of up to 10
7
cells per gram, was found to inhabit the liquid hydrocarbon matrix of Pitch Lake. Geochemical and molecular taxonomic approaches revealed diverse, novel, and deeply branching microbial lineages with the potential to mediate anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation processes in different parts of the asphalt column. In addition, we found markers for archaeal methane metabolism and specific gene sequences affiliated with facultative and obligate anaerobic sulfur- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. The microbial diversity at Pitch Lake was found to be unique when compared to microbial communities analyzed at other hydrocarbon-rich environments, which included Rancho Le Brea, a natural asphalt environment in California, USA, and an oil well and a mud volcano in Trinidad and Tobago, among other sites. These results open a window into the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of recalcitrant hydrocarbon matrices and establish the site as a terrestrial analogue for modeling the biotic potential of hydrocarbon lakes such as those found on Saturn's largest moon Titan. Key Words: Bacteria—Archaea—Hydrocarbons—Asphalt—Methane—Extremophile—Titan. Astrobiology 11, 241–258.
Metrics
6 Record Views
Details
- Title
- Microbial Life in a Liquid Asphalt Desert
- Creators
- Dirk Schulze-Makuch - 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAShirin Haque - 2Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoMarina Resendes de Sousa Antonio - 1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USADenzil Ali - 2Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoRiad Hosein - 3Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoYoung C Song - 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaJinshu Yang - 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaElena Zaikova - 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaDenise M Beckles - 3Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoEdward Guinan - 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USAHarry J Lehto - 6Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandSteven J Hallam - 7Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Publication Details
- Astrobiology, Vol.11(3), pp.241-258
- Academic Unit
- UNKNOWN
- Publisher
- Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
- Identifiers
- 99900546909701842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article