Journal article
Olfactory Bulb and Hypothalamic Acute-Phase Responses to Influenza Virus: Effects of Immunization
Neuroimmunomodulation, Vol.20(6), pp.323-333
09/2013
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/111125
PMCID: PMC3874867
PMID: 23948712
Abstract
Background: Within hours of intranasal challenge, mouse-adapted H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) influenza genomic RNA is found in the olfactory bulb (OB) and OB pro-inflammatory cytokines are up-regulated. Severing the olfactory tract delays the acute-phase response (APR) and the APR is attenuated by immunization. Objectives: To determine if immunization affects OB localization of influenza or the molecular brain mechanisms regulating APR. Methods: Male mice were immunized with PR8 influenza, then OB viral RNA, APR, and influenza-related cytokine responses were determined after homologous viral challenge. Results: Immunization did not prevent influenza OB viral invasion within 24 h of viral challenge. However, it greatly attenuated OB viral RNA 6 days after viral challenge and the APR including hypothermia and body weight loss responses. Within the OB, 24 h after influenza challenge, prior immunization blocked virus-induced up-regulation of toll-like receptor 7 and interferon (IFN) γ mRNAs. At this time, hypothalamic (HT) growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNAs were greatly enhanced in immunized but not in positive control mice. By 6 days after viral challenge, OB and HT mRNAs returned towards baseline values. In the lung, mRNA up-regulation was greater than that in the brain and maximized 6 days after challenge. Lung IFNγ mRNA decreased at 24 h but increased 6 days after challenge in the positive compared to negative controls. Immunization prevented the up-regulation of most of the flu-related mRNAs measured in lungs. Conclusion: Collectively, these data suggest a role for OB and HT involvement in immunization protection against influenza infection.
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Details
- Title
- Olfactory Bulb and Hypothalamic Acute-Phase Responses to Influenza Virus: Effects of Immunization
- Creators
- Mark R ZielinskiGianne SouzaPing TaishiStewart G BohnetJames M Krueger
- Publication Details
- Neuroimmunomodulation, Vol.20(6), pp.323-333
- Academic Unit
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of
- Publisher
- Basel, Switzerland
- Number of pages
- 11
- Identifiers
- 99900546912001842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article