Journal article
Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk
PloS one, Vol.7(9), pp.e44713-e44713
2012
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/105525
PMCID: PMC3435266
PMID: 22970295
Abstract
Arthropod-borne apicomplexan pathogens that cause asymptomatic persistent infections present a significant challenge due to their life-long transmission potential. Although anti-microbials have been used to ameliorate acute disease in animals and humans, chemotherapeutic efficacy for apicomplexan pathogen elimination from a persistently infected host and removal of transmission risk is largely unconfirmed. The recent re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in U.S. horses prompted testing whether imidocarb dipropionate was able to eliminate T. equi from naturally infected horses and remove transmission risk. Following imidocarb treatment, levels of T. equi declined from a mean of 10(4.9) organisms/ml of blood to undetectable by nested PCR in 24 of 25 naturally infected horses. Further, blood transfer from treated horses that became nested PCR negative failed to transmit to naïve splenectomized horses. Although these results were consistent with elimination of infection in 24 of 25 horses, T. equi-specific antibodies persisted in the majority of imidocarb treated horses. Imidocarb treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naïve recipient via intravenous blood transfer. However, a second round of treatment eliminated T. equi infection. These results support the utility of imidocarb chemotherapy for assistance in the control and eradication of this tick-borne pathogen. Successful imidocarb dipropionate treatment of persistently infected horses provides a tool to aid the global equine industry by removing transmission risk associated with infection and facilitating international movement of equids between endemic and non-endemic regions.
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Details
- Title
- Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk
- Creators
- Massaro W Ueti - Animal Diseases Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, United States of America. massaro@vetmed.wsu.eduRobert H MealeyLowell S KappmeyerStephen N WhiteNancy Kumpula-McWhirterAngela M PelzelJuanita F GrauseThomas O BunnAndy SchwartzJosie L Traub-DargatzAmy HendricksonBenjamin EspyAlan J GuthrieW Kent FowlerDonald P Knowles
- Publication Details
- PloS one, Vol.7(9), pp.e44713-e44713
- Academic Unit
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Department of; Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Department of; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health
- Publisher
- United States
- Identifiers
- 99900546874001842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article