Journal article
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Immunosensors
Analytical chemistry (Washington), Vol.89(1), pp.138-156
01/03/2017
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/117360
PMID: 28105820
Abstract
Due to the combination of specific antigen–antibody recognition with the high sensitivity of electrochemical methods, electrochemical immunosensors (EIs) have aroused considerable interest, and significant progress has been achieved in the early diagnosis and clinical analysis of disease states, food safety control, environmental monitoring, public security, home-health care, etc. In recent decades, EIs have exhibited many intrinsic advantages, including remarkable sensitivity, operational simplicity, low-cost instrumentation, inherent miniaturization, and potential of automation, and have provided elegant routes for the detection of trace amounts of analytical targets of biological significance ranging from small molecules (e.g., haptens and natural toxins) and macromolecules (e.g., antigens and disease biomarkers) to cells, pathogenic bacteria, or viruses. (1) Various electrochemical methodologies, such as voltammetry and amperometry, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemistry, impedance, potentiometry, piezoelectricity, field-effect transistor, and alternating current electrohydrodynamics, have been employed in the development of immunoassays to achieve high sensitivity in terms of the electrochemical change of signal transduction. Moreover, electrode arrays and chips have been developed for the simultaneous multiplex high-throughput analysis of complex samples. In particular, numerous attempts have been made to construct hand-held devices with inexpensive 3D-printed converters, integrated microfluidic systems, and paper-based platforms, and substantial improvements have been made to analytical processes and promising applications for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. (2)
This Review focuses on the recent development of EIs from past two years, with a particular emphasis on the conventional electrochemical methodologies of voltammetry and amperometry, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemistry and impedance, and emerging devices and electroanalytical platforms (Figure 1). Rather than focusing on a comprehensive coverage of all developments in EIs as has been performed in other general reviews, (3, 4) we attempted to provide readers with a panoramic snapshot of the most exciting and high-impact recent advances that have been made in this dynamically developing field from our point of view. Nanomaterial-enhanced signal amplification, enzyme-based signal amplification, and DNA facilitating amplified detection have been used more frequently in EIs to achieve high sensitivity in the past two years and have exhibited great superiority. (5) New advances in the utilization of novel types of redox-active species, the application of nanobodies (NBs) as biorecognition elements, immunosensor fabrication using more efficient blocking reagents or through the oriented immobilization of antibodies, and novel devices and platforms that are used in the integration and automation of EIs are reviewed herein. (6) Beyond a discussion of the recent demonstrations of new detection devices and emerging techniques, we also offer a commentary and perspectives regarding EIs, as well as how future advances might impact the commercialization opportunities and POC diagnostics. Because of the explosion of scholarly articles that are relevant to this extremely broad field of research, we have undoubtedly missed many important contributions during the above referenced time period, and we sincerely apologize to the authors for their important work that may have been overlooked.
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Details
- Title
- Recent Advances in Electrochemical Immunosensors
- Creators
- Wei Wen - School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United StatesXu Yan - School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United StatesChengzhou Zhu - Washington State UniversityDan Du - Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. ChinaYuehe Lin - School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Publication Details
- Analytical chemistry (Washington), Vol.89(1), pp.138-156
- Academic Unit
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering; Department of Chemistry
- Publisher
- United States
- Grant note
- U01 NS058151 / National Institute of Health Office R21 OH010768 / NIOSH CDC HHS
- Identifiers
- 99900547828401842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article