Journal article
Segmental Variation in a Duplicated msp2 Pseudogene Generates Anaplasma marginale Antigenic Variants
Infection and immunity, Vol.87(2)
02/2019
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/114064
PMCID: PMC6346141
PMID: 30455197
Abstract
is a prototypical highly antigenically variant bacterial pathogen dependent on the sequential generation of major surface protein 2 (Msp2) outer membrane variants to establish persistent infection. Msp2 is encoded by a single expression site, and diversity is achieved by gene conversion of chromosomally encoded
pseudogenes. Analysis of the full complement of
pseudogenes in the St. Maries strain revealed identical sequences in different loci. The Florida strain shared the same locus structure, but in the loci where the St. Maries strain had two identical pseudogenes, the Florida strain had one whose sequence was identical to the St. Maries sequences, while the sequence of the second pseudogene differed. Consequently, we hypothesized that the
pseudogene repertoire arose via gene duplication, allowing structural variation to occur in one copy but the utility of the other to be retained. Using comparative genomics, we first established that duplication of
pseudogenes is common among
strains: all seven examined strains had at least one duplicate pair in which either the genes in the pair were maintained as identical copies or the genes contained segmental changes. We then demonstrated that a minimal segmental change in a duplicated pseudogene locus is sufficient for immune escape from the broad antibody response generated in a natural host, as is a completely divergent pseudogene sequence in an otherwise conserved locus. The results support a model in which a locus first duplicates, resulting in a second identical copy, and then progressively incorporates changes to generate an
repertoire capable of generating sufficient antigenic variants to escape immunity and establish persistent infection.
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Details
- Title
- Segmental Variation in a Duplicated msp2 Pseudogene Generates Anaplasma marginale Antigenic Variants
- Creators
- Telmo Graça - Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA telmo.graca@wsu.eduPei-Shin Ku - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAMarta G Silva - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAJoshua E Turse - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAG Kenitra Hammac - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAWendy C Brown - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAGuy H Palmer - Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USAKelly A Brayton - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Publication Details
- Infection and immunity, Vol.87(2)
- Academic Unit
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Department of; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health
- Publisher
- United States
- Grant note
- T32 AI007025 / NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI044005 / NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI044005 / NIAID NIH HHS
- Identifiers
- 99900547916801842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article