Journal article
Source Apportionment of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal PM2.5 in Seattle, Washington, Using Positive Matrix Factorization
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), Vol.54(9), pp.1175-1187
09/01/2004
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/112683
PMID: 15468670
Abstract
As part of a large exposure assessment and health-effects panel study, 33 trace elements and light-absorbing carbon were measured on 24-hr fixed-site filter samples for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM
2.5
) collected between September 26, 2000, and May 25, 2001, at a central outdoor site, immediately outside each subject's residence, inside each residence, and on each subject (personal sample). Both two-way (PMF2) and three-way (PMF3) positive matrix factorization were used to deduce the sources contributing to PM
2.5
. Five sources contributing to the indoor and outdoor samples were identified: vegetative burning, mobile emissions, secondary sulfate, a source rich in chlorine, and a source of crustal-derived material. Vegetative burning contributed more PM
2.5
mass on average than any other source in all microenvironments, with average values estimated by PMF2 and PMF3, respectively, of 7.6 and 8.7 μg/m
3
for the outdoor samples, 4 and 5.3 μg/m
3
for the indoor samples, and 3.8 and 3.4 μg/m
3
for the personal samples. Personal exposure to the combustion-related particles was correlated with outdoor sources, whereas exposure to the crustal and chlorine-rich particles was not. Personal exposures to crustal sources were strongly associated with personal activities, especially time spent at school among the child subjects.
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Details
- Title
- Source Apportionment of Indoor, Outdoor, and Personal PM2.5 in Seattle, Washington, Using Positive Matrix Factorization
- Creators
- Timothy Larson - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of WashingtonTimothy Gould - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of WashingtonChris Simpson - Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of WashingtonL.-J. Sally Liu - Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , University of WashingtonCandis Claiborn - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Washington State UniversityJoellen Lewtas - Human Exposure and Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Publication Details
- Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), Vol.54(9), pp.1175-1187
- Academic Unit
- Carson College of Business; Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis Group
- Identifiers
- 99900547968501842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article