Journal article
The assessment of the energetic compound 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) degradability in soil
Environmental pollution (1987), Vol.139(2), pp.353-361
2006
Handle:
https://hdl.handle.net/2376/107471
PMID: 16024150
Abstract
CL-20 is a relatively new energetic compound with applications in explosive and propellant formulations. Currently, information about the fate of CL-20 in ecological systems is scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biodegradability of CL-20 in soil environments. Four soils were used where initial CL-20 concentrations (above water solubility) ranged from 125 to 1500
mg of CL-20 per kg dry soil (corresponding to the concentrations derived from unexploded ordnance, low order detonation, or manufacturing spills). CL-20 appears to be biodegradable in soil under anaerobic conditions, and additions of organic substrates can substantially accelerate this process. However, CL-20 is not degraded in soil under aerobic conditions kept in the dark at temperatures up to 30
°C without organic amendments. Additions of starch or cellulose promote the biodegradation of CL-20 under aerobic conditions. Soil microbial community mediated biodegradation and plant uptake appears to enhance CL-20 biodegradation, the latter suggesting a possible route for CL-20 to entry in the food chain.
Biodegradation and plant uptake suggest possible entry of CL-20 into food chain.
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Details
- Title
- The assessment of the energetic compound 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) degradability in soil
- Creators
- Nikolay Strigul - Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAWashington Braida - Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAChristos Christodoulatos - Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAWendy Balas - US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000, USASteven Nicolich - US Army ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000, USA
- Publication Details
- Environmental pollution (1987), Vol.139(2), pp.353-361
- Academic Unit
- Mathematics and Statistics, Department of
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Identifiers
- 99900547725701842
- Language
- English
- Resource Type
- Journal article