The origin and evolution of animal appendages

Grace Panganiban; Steven M Irvine; Chris Lowe; Henry Roehl; Laura S Corley; Beverley Sherbon; Jennifer K Grenier; John F Fallon; Judith Kimble; Muriel Walker; Gregory A Wray; Billie J Swalla; Mark Q Martindale; Sean B Carroll

doi:10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162

Back

The origin and evolution of animal appendages

Journal article

Open access

The origin and evolution of animal appendages

Grace Panganiban, Steven M Irvine, Chris Lowe, Henry Roehl, Laura S Corley, Beverley Sherbon, Jennifer K Grenier, John F Fallon, Judith Kimble, Muriel Walker, …

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.94(10), pp.5162-5166

05/13/1997

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162

Handle:

https://hdl.handle.net/2376/113761

PMCID: PMC24649

PMID: 9144208

Files and links (1)

url

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.10.5162View

Published (Version of record) Open

Abstract

Biological Sciences

Animals have evolved diverse appendages adapted for locomotion, feeding and other functions. The genetics underlying appendage formation are best understood in insects and vertebrates. The expression of the Distal-less ( Dll ) homeoprotein during arthropod limb outgrowth and of Dll orthologs ( Dlx ) in fish fin and tetrapod limb buds led us to examine whether expression of this regulatory gene may be a general feature of appendage formation in protostomes and deuterostomes. We find that Dll is expressed along the proximodistal axis of developing polychaete annelid parapodia, onychophoran lobopodia, ascidian ampullae, and even echinoderm tube feet. Dll/Dlx expression in such diverse appendages in these six coelomate phyla could be convergent, but this would have required the independent co-option of Dll/Dlx several times in evolution. It appears more likely that ectodermal Dll/Dlx expression along proximodistal axes originated once in a common ancestor and has been used subsequently to pattern body wall outgrowths in a variety of organisms. We suggest that this pre-Cambrian ancestor of most protostomes and the deuterostomes possessed elements of the genetic machinery for and may have even borne appendages.

Metrics

14 Record Views

See more details

Details

Title: The origin and evolution of animal appendages
Creators: Grace Panganiban - Departments of
Steven M Irvine - Departments of
Chris Lowe - Departments of
Henry Roehl - Departments of
Laura S Corley - Departments of
Beverley Sherbon - Departments of
Jennifer K Grenier - Departments of
John F Fallon - Departments of
Judith Kimble - Departments of
Muriel Walker - Departments of
Gregory A Wray - Departments of
Billie J Swalla - Departments of
Mark Q Martindale - Departments of
Sean B Carroll - Departments of
Publication Details: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, Vol.94(10), pp.5162-5166
Publisher: The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
Identifiers: 99900548224601842
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article